RESUMO
In a pandemic, it is necessary to understand who is at higher risk for psychological difficulties. Thus, we aim to investigate psychological symptoms in a Brazilian sample during the COVID-19 pandemic and their associations with sociodemographic, health, and pandemic-related variables. We included 1358 individuals assessed via an online survey through a questionnaire that included sociodemographic and other questions related to the pandemic and the SRQ-20. The results showed that younger adults and women were at a higher risk for minor mental disorders. An investigation about subgroups revealed three clusters representing symptom's severity. The cluster with most symptoms was younger people, had their income most impacted by the pandemic, and had more frequent diagnoses of mental disorders. The subgroups were discriminated mostly due to cognitive-emotional symptoms. We discussed the determinants that can contribute to mental health vulnerability and highlighted the need for state actions for those more vulnerable.
Em uma pandemia, é necessário entender quem possui maior risco de dificuldades psicológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os sintomas psicológicos mais prevalentes em uma amostra brasileira, durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e associações com variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde e pandêmicas. 1.358 indivíduos responderam a um survey online por meio de questionário, que incluiu questões sociodemográficas e relacionadas à pandemia, e o SRQ-20. Os resultados mostraram que mais jovens e mulheres estão em maior risco de transtornos mentais menores (MMD). Uma investigação sobre subgrupos revelou três grupos que representam a gravidade dos sintomas. O cluster com mais sintomas era mais jovem, teve sua renda mais impactada pela pandemia e tinha diagnósticos de transtornos mentais mais frequentemente. Os subgrupos foram discriminados principalmente devido a sintomas cognitivo-emocionais. Discutimos os determinantes que podem contribuir para a vulnerabilidade em saúde mental e destacamos a necessidade de ações estatais para os mais vulneráveis.
En una pandemia, es necesario comprender quién está en mayor riesgo de tener dificultades psicológicas. El objetivo fue investigar los síntomas psicológicos más prevalentes en una muestra brasileña, durante la pandemia de COVID-19, y las asociaciones con variables sociodemográficas, de salud y pandémicas. 1358 personas que fueron evaluadas a través de un cuestionario que incluía aspectos sociodemográficos y relacionados con la pandemia y el SRQ-20. Los resultados mostraron que más jóvenes y mujeres tienen un mayor riesgo de trastornos mentales menores. Una investigación en subgrupos reveló tres grupos que representan la gravedad de los síntomas. El grupo con más síntomas era más joven, sus ingresos se vieron más afectados por la pandemia y tenían más diagnósticos de trastornos mentales. Los subgrupos fueron discriminados principalmente por síntomas cognitivo-emocionales. Discutimos los determinantes que pueden contribuir a la vulnerabilidad en salud mental y resaltamos la necesidad de acciones estatales para los más vulnerables.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psicopatologia , Saúde Mental , COVID-19 , Transtornos Mentais , Brasil , Demografia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Risco , Diagnóstico , Vulnerabilidade em Saúde , PandemiasRESUMO
The transsulfuration pathway, which aids in regulating homocysteine concentration and mediates cysteine synthesis, may be sensitive to vitamin B-6 status because cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CGL) require pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). To assess relations between vitamin B-6 and transsulfuration, we evaluated the effects of dietary pyridoxine (PN) on the hepatic concentration of relevant metabolites and in vitro activity of CBS and CGL. Growing rats were fed AIN-93G- or AIN-76A-based diets that ranged from adequate to deficient in vitamin B-6 (2, 1, 0.5, 0.1, or 0 mg of PN/kg diet, n = 5). This design allowed assessment of the effects of supplemental methionine (AIN-76A) vs. cysteine (AIN-93G) in common research diets over a range of vitamin B-6 levels. CBS activity, assayed in the presence or absence of added S-adenosylmethionine, was independent of diet type and PN level. CGL activity was independent of diet type but proportional to dietary PN. Rats fed deficient (0 and 0.1 mg PN/kg) diets exhibited only approximately 30% of the CGL activity of those fed the 2 mg PN/kg diets. Hepatic cystathionine increased from 20 to 30 nmol/g for the 1-2 mg PN/kg diets to approximately 85 nmol/g for the 0 mg PN/kg diet; however, cysteine was reduced only in B-6-deficient rats consuming the AIN-93G diet (means of 30-40 nmol/g for adequate to 11.6 nmol/g for 0 mg PN/kg AIN-76A diet). In spite of these effects, hepatic glutathione concentration increased in vitamin B-6 deficiency. These results suggest that vitamin B-6-dependent changes in transsulfuration do not limit hepatic glutathione production.
